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John Parker (abolitionist)
John P. Parker (1827 – February 4, 1900) was an American abolitionist, inventor, iron moulder and industrialist. Parker, who was African American, helped hundreds of slaves to freedom in the Underground Railroad resistance movement based in Ripley, Ohio. He rescued fugitive slaves for nearly fifteen years. He was one of the few blacks to patent his inventions before 1900. His house in Ripley has been designated a National Historic Landmark and restored.〔(John P. Parker House" ), ''Underground Railroad'', National Park Service, accessed 5 February 2011〕
==Early life and education==
Parker was born in Norfolk, Virginia(Always stated birth in Alabama on census records), the son of a slave mother and white father. Born into slavery under the principle of ''partus sequitur ventrem'', at the age of eight John was forced to walk to Richmond, where he was sold at the slave market to a doctor from Mobile, Alabama.〔
While working in the doctor's house as a domestic servant, John was taught to read and write by the doctor's family, although the law forbade slaves' being educated.〔 During his apprenticeship in a foundry, John attempted escape and had conflicts with officials. He asked one of the doctor's patients, a widow, to purchase him. After taking title to him, she allowed him to hire out to earn money, and he purchased his freedom from her for $1,800 in 1845.〔 He earned the money through his work in two of Mobile's iron foundries and occasional odd jobs.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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